Individual Differences in Need for Cognition and Complex Problem Solving

This article reports an empirical study investigating the relation between Need for cognition of individuals and their effectiveness in solving complex problems. A complex, long-duration, computer-simulated, multifaceted cognitive task was presented to 45 managers from a very large Indian metal-processing unit. Problem-solving effectiveness was assessed on success, consistency, and crisis-free nature. Need for cognition was assessed using the 18-item, short-form need-for-cognition scale. Results show that need for cognition of individuals has significant positive association with effectiveness in solving complex problems. Individuals with a higher need for cognition: (a) were more successful in solving the problem, (b) collected information and made decisions on more aspects of the problem, and (c) faced fewer crises during the process. Some curvilinear effects were also observed. Results further indicate that exposure strengthens the development of need for cognition.